People of all ages may have special conditions such as stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, mental retardation, Down syndrome, genetic disorders, Alzheimer’s disease or arthritis. Each of these people has the same basic dental needs we all do: daily brushing and flossing, regular dental visits and a balanced diet.

Caregivers may need to provide oral hygiene assistance to people with special needs. Here are some tips:

• Choose a well-lit, convenient location.

• If the person is uncooperative or uncontrollable, try to calm him or her by explaining what you are about to do, or schedule the task for a time of day when the person is more rested or may be more receptive.

• Move in a calm, slow, reassuring manner to avoid startling the person.

• Give verbal praise and reinforce independent attempts.

• Support the person’s head, and take special care to prevent choking or gagging when the head is tilted back.

•If the person is unable or unwilling to keep their mouth open, you can make a mouth prop can by taping several tongue blades together. Discuss with your dentist how to insert a mouth prop to avoid injury to teeth.

Regular dental visits are necessary in order to help assess and treat common problems such as tooth decay and

periodontal disease. Based upon the patient’s medical history and current health status, enteral conscious sedation or general anesthesia may be recommended in order to safely facilitate treatment.